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The Rhone vineyard is worlds apart from some other regions; terraces on steep slopes, playing leapfrog with the green hills. However, it is hard to speak in general terms about Rhone vineyards, as the valley diversifies itself along the river. For the northern coasts - which range from Vienna to Valence on granite slopes - main grape varieties are Syrah for red wines and Viognier for white wines, as well as Roussanne and Marsanne.
As for the southern coasts - ranging from Montélimar to Avignon; the vine takes root in limestone soils, originating in lots of grape varieties. Grenache is the main grape for red wines; whilst for whites it's Clairette and Bourboulenc.
This diversity of influences, both geological and climatic, can only favour a very varied wine production. The birth and development of viticulture in the region also owes much to history, notably with the implantation of the papacy in Avignon at the end of the Middle Ages.
Rhone Valley red wines have colours of varying intensity, ranging from ruby to very dark purple, and even black in their youth. The best ones have depth, persistence in the mouth and harmony; they can even compare to the great wines of Bordeaux. The most famous reds from this region are Côte-Rôtie, Crozes-Hermitage and Châteauneuf-du-Pape; in regards to white wines, Condrieu and Clairette de Die are the most celebrated appellations. To the south of Cornas, Saint Péray is renowned for its full-bodied sparkling wine, while in the Drôme area, Clairette de Die is light and aromatic.
In the northern part of the Rhone Valley, the Saint Joseph AOP appellations in red wines are Shiraz-based; whilst white wines are made with Roussanne or Marsanne. The red wines are the best known for their strong colour and full-bodied taste. A little tannic when young, they become tender and velvety afterwards, releasing a remarkable scent of fruit bouquet.
The Cote-Rotie vineyard is one of the oldest in France. The AOC appellation of this red wine is spread over 3 communes: Saint-Cyr-le-Rhône, Ampuis and Tupin-Semons; it brings together about one hundred producers from sixty estates. Côte-Rôtie wine is based on two main grape varieties: Syrah and Viognier. Domains such as Guigal, Chapoutier or Georges Vernay really typify this wine.
Châteauneuf-du-pape is the largest AOC appellation of the Rhone Valley; the appellation produces red and white wine, but it is especially the former that has made its reputation. Red Chateauneuf du Pape wine can be made from multiple grape varieties, but Grenache is always dominant, delivering a mixture of finesse and power that characterises great wines.
